Labradors: Common Ailments

Please note, we are not veterinarians.  However, we are experts in canine behaviour and frequently, a sudden change in a dog’s behaviour can indicate an underlaying health issue and, if you suspect that to be the case, seek expert medical advice.

Labrador Retrievers, affectionately known as “Labs,” are one of the most popular dog breeds worldwide. Known for their friendly disposition, intelligence, and versatility, they make excellent family pets, service dogs, and working companions. However, like all breeds, Labradors are predisposed to certain health conditions. Understanding these common ailments can help owners provide better preventative care and recognise early warning signs.

Joint and Skeletal Issues

Hip and Elbow Dysplasia

Hip and elbow dysplasia are among the most prevalent hereditary conditions in Labradors. These developmental disorders occur when the joints don’t form properly, leading to deterioration over time.

Symptoms include:

• Reluctance to exercise, jump, or climb stairs
• Difficulty rising from a sitting or lying position
• Limping or altered gait
• Decreased range of motion
• Pain when the affected joints are manipulated

Responsible breeders screen breeding stock for these conditions. Treatment options range from weight management and exercise modification to medications and surgery in severe cases.

Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)

This condition affects the cartilage in the joints, particularly the shoulders. It occurs when the cartilage doesn’t properly attach to the underlying bone, causing inflammation and pain.

Signs of OCD include:

• Lameness in the affected limb
• Pain during movement
• Muscle atrophy from reduced use

Early diagnosis through X-rays is crucial. Treatment may involve rest and anti-inflammatory medications, while more severe cases might require surgical intervention.

Obesity-Related Health Issues

Labradors have a notorious reputation for their hearty appetites. Recent research has identified a genetic mutation in many Labs that affects hunger regulation, predisposing them to obesity. Excess weight can exacerbate joint problems and lead to various health complications.

Obesity-related conditions include:

• Diabetes
• Heart disease
• Increased stress on joints
• Decreased stamina and heat tolerance
• Breathing difficulties

Maintaining appropriate weight through portion control and regular exercise is essential for preventing these issues.

Eye Conditions

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

PRA refers to a group of genetic diseases that cause the retina to deteriorate, eventually leading to blindness. Early symptoms include night blindness, with affected dogs becoming hesitant in dim light conditions.

Progression typically includes:

• Decreased night vision
• Dilated pupils
• Eventual complete blindness

While no cure exists, genetic testing can identify carriers to prevent breeding affected dogs.

Cataracts

Cataracts involve clouding of the eye’s lens, impairing vision. They can be hereditary or develop due to age, diabetes, or trauma.

Signs include:

• Cloudy or bluish-gray appearance to the eyes
• Bumping into objects
• Hesitation when navigating unfamiliar areas

Surgical removal is possible but not always necessary if vision isn’t significantly impaired.

Ear Infections

The Labrador’s pendulous ears create a warm, moist environment ideal for bacterial and yeast growth. Regular swimming can exacerbate this tendency.

Common symptoms of ear infections include:

• Head shaking or tilting
• Excessive scratching at ears
• Redness and swelling of the ear canal
• Dark discharge and odor
• Pain when ears are touched

Preventative care through regular cleaning and drying after swimming can reduce infection risk.

Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC)

This genetic condition causes weakness, incoordination, and collapse following intense exercise. It’s particularly common in field-bred Labradors.

Characteristics include:

• Normal function at rest or during moderate activity
• Wobbliness in the hindquarters after intense exercise
• Collapse that resolves with rest
• Episodes typically beginning between 5 months and 3 years of age

Genetic testing can identify carriers, and management involves moderating exercise intensity.

Cancer

Labradors have higher rates of certain cancers compared to other breeds. Mast cell tumors, lymphoma, and hemangiosarcoma are particularly common.

Vigilance for the following signs is important:

• Unexplained lumps or bumps
• Non-healing wounds
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Lethargy and weight loss
• Changes in appetite
• Difficulty breathing or persistent cough

Regular veterinary check-ups can aid in early detection, which significantly improves prognosis.

Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)

Though less common in Labradors than in deep-chested breeds, bloat remains a life-threatening emergency when it occurs. It involves the stomach filling with gas and potentially twisting on itself.

Emergency signs include:

• Distended abdomen
• Retching without producing vomit
• Restlessness and discomfort
• Rapid breathing
• Weakness and collapse

Preventative measures include avoiding exercise immediately after eating and using slow-feeder bowls.

Epilepsy

Idiopathic epilepsy, a condition causing seizures without an identifiable underlying cause, affects some Labradors. It typically manifests between 6 months and 3 years of age.

Seizure symptoms may include:

• Muscle rigidity or twitching
• Loss of consciousness
• Paddling of legs
• Drooling or foaming at the mouth
• Loss of bowel or bladder control

Most epileptic dogs can lead normal lives with proper medication management.

Preventative Care Strategies

Regular Veterinary Check-ups

Annual (or bi-annual for seniors) veterinary examinations allow for early detection of developing issues. These should include:

• Physical examination
• Blood work
• Dental assessment
• Weight evaluation

Appropriate Diet and Weight Management

Feeding a high-quality diet appropriate for the dog’s age, activity level, and health status is crucial. Portion control and limited treats help maintain healthy weight.

Regular Exercise

Consistent, appropriate exercise helps maintain muscle tone, joint health, and appropriate weight. Swimming provides excellent low-impact exercise for Labradors with joint issues.

Genetic Testing

For breeding dogs, genetic testing for conditions like EIC, PRA, and hip dysplasia helps reduce the incidence of these conditions in future generations.

Conclusion

While Labradors are generally robust dogs with an average lifespan of 10-14 years, awareness of these common health issues enables owners to provide proactive care. Early intervention often leads to better outcomes and improved quality of life for these beloved companions. By working closely with veterinarians and providing appropriate preventative care, Labrador owners can help their dogs lead long, healthy, and happy lives.